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如何确定孩子适合的raz级别?能跳级吗? -pg电子游戏官网官方网站

2017
2011
2019-11-30 14:24 原创 · 图片8

这段时间给大家安利过很多套分级读物,也用分级绘本给不少孩子做过定级测试,发现大家的困扰集中在:孩子读哪个级别才合适?什么才是正确的打开方式?今天这篇就言简意赅说说。

一、明确读分级的目的:
 

分级读物完成的最重要的使命就是带领孩子从“文盲”阶段,一路升级打怪,积累词汇,达到自主阅读的目的。因此,要控制自己的“强迫症”,无需将分级读物一网打尽刷个遍,毕竟孩子的时间也是很宝贵的。

二、分级读物那么多看得眼花缭乱,该选哪一套?

我的建议是主食 甜点搭配。当主线的分级读物尽量选分级细致、坡度缓慢、体量够大管饱的,比如牛津树十来个级别,每个级别三五十本;raz 29个级别,每个级别八九十本;大猫18个级别,每个级别三四十本。当甜点的主要从孩子兴趣出发,比如i can read系列的人物形象都很有个性、图书馆系列注重故事和名著改编、兰登阅读很多是来自名作家的经典。
 

我建议当主线的这三套风格不太一样。来自英国的牛津树系列,特色是故事有趣,围绕一家人展开,一级级读上去顺理成章,孩子就像看连续剧一样,在这家人的故事陪伴中得到语言能力的成长。所以大多数孩子很容易从牛津树上手,不容易排斥

raz来自美国,像一个典型的理科生建立的知识库,非虚构类题材特别广泛,地理历史人文无所不包,故事线也有,但文学性就呵呵哒。如果想要孩子上知天文下知地理,这个系列真心是个宝库,语言难度从ar0.1-ar6.9,足够孩子从幼儿园读到中学。

大猫是英国学校的阅读教材,虚构和非虚构比例各一半,这一点介于前两者之间。大猫的特色是封面插图的艺术感很好,内容的文学很强,诗歌、名著改编、戏剧等等都有涉猎。喜欢艺术的孩子更容易从这套入手。文青妈妈们也往往很爱这套。
 

三、怎么读分级?打开一本书该做什么?

首先是从哪里开始读?不同情况举例说明:
 

娃一:0基础启蒙,3岁以下。

建议先从儿歌和动画片入手,这个阶段以培养兴趣为主,唱唱跳跳看看动画片是最好的选择。如果一定要用分级,可以从aa开始,采取卡片认知式教法。即指着图片告诉娃这是xxx,不要求跟读不要求认读,纯认知。稍微加点量的话,可以按主题进行阅读拓展。比如和颜色有关的书放在一起读;和数字有关的书放在一起读。

娃二:0基础启蒙,5岁 。

使用raz方法:先用好看的绘本/动画片勾引娃上路,教会字母及字母音,就可以从raz aa级开始训练自主阅读能力。

娃三:有一定听说基础,不管几岁

使用raz方法:从合适的级别开始逐级自主阅读,扩大词汇量,扩大阅读知识面。(定级方法后面详述)

打开一本分级该怎么读?读到什么程度合适?

分级读物都有教案、有练习,但我的经验是千万不要每本都照书走,太慢!

分级的目的是迅速积累词汇、提高阅读水平,完成的是泛读要达到的目的,所以无需纠结于每本书精读。读分级是一个整体工程,每本书都翻烂没有意义,一定要有效率地整体推进,所以家长的执行力才是分级前进的关键所在。

正确的打开方式是这样:

easy模式:
 

1、听一遍

跟着音频看一遍书本
 

p.s. 有余力的话,可以听力先行。听力有基础的孩子在开始读这个级别之前就可以安排裸听,比如读到h级时,听力先行的孩子可能已经听到i或者j了。

2、读一遍

这里指的是独立朗读,如果独立朗读无法完成,可以从跟读过渡。

3、做quiz

这个步骤在低阶并非必须。raz从a级开始有quiz(课后阅读理解题),但在j级之前quiz的题目难度高于书本,一定需要家长指导,解释题目中的生词。如果没有能力指导,可以跳过。读分级就像攻城略地,前期注重整体推进,阅读理解题可以放到后期关注。
 

4、记录生词,平时复习
 

不管是书本上遇到的生词还是题目中遇到的生词,都为孩子记录下来。这里的生词记录有两个好处:一是孩子在书本中猜测词义,这一步可以让生词得到明确释义;二是平时就可以用生词记录本来巩固词汇。

需要注意的是,这里的词汇指的是阅读词汇,无需让孩子练习拼写,达到见词能读、见词识义即可。等到阅读词汇积累到一定程度,才进行下一个层次的词汇练习(达到能够使用词汇的目的,这个可以使用专项的词汇练习,不在这里赘述)

5、分级读物一遍过,不再复习

有些妈妈认为慢才能扎实,所以经常让娃把一本书读3遍,非常流利了才继续下一本。其实分级读物重复的意义不大。因为分级核心精髓之一就是,词汇会在相同级别乃至不同级别中反复出现,难度螺旋式上升。所以只要娃朗读的正确率在90%以上,quiz做错量不超过2个,基本上这本就可以一次过。但是每天花5分钟坚持词汇复习,还是有必要的。

hard模式:

网上有个妈妈的做法,大家可以参考:

1.读标题,看封面,一句话描述。

 

2.读focus question(如有),告诉娃读完全文要回答。

 

3.读words to know(如有),只更正发音,不讲意思,不认识的在文章里自己猜。

 

4.读全文。目录、图示、对话、所有字都读。告诉娃,先读本页的文章,再读其他。

 

5.做quiz,错题自己订正,订正不对的老母亲讲解。给娃介绍做题套路,比如问发生顺序的,要先把选项都读完再回去翻书。比如问xx到底是setting/character/plot,要讲清楚这三个都是什么。其实quiz就是我们学英语时的阅读理解,所以自己当年有什么技巧,就都给娃招呼上吧~

6.读glossary(如有)。因为quiz里可能会有问重点词意思的题目,所以先做题,靠文章上下文猜。做完题再返回来读glossary。

 

7.回答focus question,和娃闲聊。可以用思维导图整理思路的就画一下,主要是帮助复述和加强知识点。书后边的writting等拓展基本没有看过。

 

8.生词记到小本本上。不仅包括glossary上的重点生词,也包括其他生词,日后复习。因为我家老大笔还拿不好,所以这步是我来做。纸质小本上只抄单词或例句,ipad上用goodnotes把生词和对应的图画/场景对应整理。

 

9.标注错题多或不理解的文章,闲暇时间听配套音频。

very hard模式就不推荐大家了,都是血泪教训,太浪费时间!
 

四、怎么定级

之前的文章中一直给大家介绍五指法确定适合的级别(一本小书或者一页上有3-4个生词为合适,0-2个太简单,5个及以上太难),今天重点讲一讲raz的定级。raz 分级读物(leveled book)共29级:aa、a-z、z1、z2。如何定一个适当的级别,是个很重要的技术活。

先画个二叉树,对号入座定级路径。

这个二叉树的右侧相对来说比较明确,而左侧的级别确定,就要依靠下面这个分级对应表了。

第一列:raz的级别。

第二、三列:年级和年龄。gk是学前班,对应4-6岁;g1是小学一年级,6-7岁;后边以此类推。可以看到读完raz全套基本上达到美国小学6年级结束的水平。对应到中国大概能达到我国六级的水平。

第四、五列:蓝思值ar值。从这列起就是各种图书分级系统之间的比对了。蓝思和ar应该是最有名气的两个系统,这里不多说了,不太清楚的可以参考我以前写过的

以《哈利波特与密室》为例,蓝思系统中查询到的蓝思值为940

以《哈利波特与密室》为例,ar系统中查询到的ar值为6.7
 

第六列:dra。这个分级系统来自于培生,顾名思义,如果娃在读培生系的分级读物,那么就可以根据这列找到raz的合适级别了。但是市面上比较流行的引进版《培生儿童英语分级阅读》并没有标注dra分级,反而用的英国统一的颜色定级法。我们后边到第九列再说。

第七列:fountas & pinnell。这是俩教授开发的,也叫grl(guided reading level),级别从a-z。raz前半部分难度和raz一致,到k级别,也就是2年级以后开始有所分化。国内妈妈们比较熟悉的海尼曼用的就是这个体系。

第八列:reading recovery。这套体系是个新西兰老奶奶创始的。据说一开始是针对那些阅读不行的娃,让他们能快速达到同年龄阅读能力而设计的,所以叫做recovery。这不仅是个分级体系,更是一整套教学理念 课程。在国内,我目前没有看到主流使用这个系统的读物。

第九列:pm readers。来自英联邦的分级系统,用颜色来定义级别。最近一两年开始兴起的红火箭(red rocket)走的就是这套体系。还有一套比较古老的引进版《体验英语》,也是走的这个体系。哈考特也有一套分级用的pm。看到颜色大家还能想到什么?对,就是大名鼎鼎的牛津树。基本上英国本土的分级机构都沿用了颜色分类法,以牛津树为例,初级阶段(即stage1-9)的颜色分类和pm readers相仿,高阶阶段的颜色分类略有不同。同理还有大猫。总之凡是看到按颜色划分的读物,基本上都来自于英联邦,尤其是英国的没跑~

所以,我手动画了一个表格,补充一下raz和牛津树的对应表,供大家参考。

这里要注明一点:由于raz的非虚拟类文章较多,知识覆盖面广,词汇量大,所以其实际难度级别要相对同级别的其他分级读物,尤其是fiction类读物略高一些。换言之,如果牛津树读6,根据官方对应表,raz应该可以读i。而实际上i级的fiction大概是可以读的,但是non-fiction类压力就会比较大。所以上图我最后又多列了一列,根据个人经验调整了一下牛津树和raz的级别对应,供大家参考。按照官方的分级对照去读也可以,但建议把低1-2级的non-fiction书拿出来过一遍。

综上所述(终于写完了),定级步骤完成。

什么时候该升级?

有很多家长生怕娃基础打的不牢靠,读分级永远从最初级读起,牛津树1,海尼曼gk,raz aa-c各读了一遍,感觉才会放心。同理,既然开始读了,那么每个级别都要读全,最新更新的也得刷一遍。

其实我非常理解老母亲们全套控的强迫症心理,我自己有时候也会有那么一点,但平心而论这的确没什么必要。阅读正如打怪升级,目标肯定是奔着大boss去,而不是天天在野地里打小兵。适时的升级有助于维持娃的兴趣,提高娃的水平,也契合语言学习的i 1理论。

那么读到什么程度就可以升级了呢?根据raz的官方建议,每隔一段时间应该对孩子做一次评测。gk阶段,2-4周评测一次;g1阶段4-6周评测一次;g2阶段6-8周评测一次;g3阶段8-10周评测一次。

评测使用专门的定级文章或书籍,称为benchmark passages or books,并附有相应的练习(quiz)和评估表(running record)。

所有的定级文章都需要教师从pg电子游戏官网官方网站官网上下载pdf或通过pg电子游戏官网官方网站官网给学生推送到app上测试,娃自己无法直接选择阅读定级文章。每个级别有4篇passages,虚拟类fiction和非虚拟类non-fiction各两篇。此外aa-j每级还提供两本benchmark books,fiction和non-fiction各一篇。

示例:f级的定级文章一篇↑↑↑

示例:running record评测表↑↑↑

如上图所示,定级评测是很详细的,但诸如流利度之类的,老母亲在家不好打分,所以我们化繁为简,仅以硬指标来评判是否可以升级。下图是razpg电子游戏官网官方网站官网给出的升降级标准。

简言之:如果一篇文章里读错单词占总单词量的10%以上或做quiz错题大于20%,则马上降级。quiz全对且读错单词占总单词量的5%以内,才可升级。其他情况一律继续阅读该级别。

根据经验可以这样来定级:

1.每级开始读之前,先做一份fiction类定级文章,评估一下水平。如果全对,可减少一些该级别fiction类书籍(主要是那种家长里短类的故事题材书,比如monster bonk系列等),或把第二步中的随机读15本降低到10本左右再做评估。

 

2.随机读15本,做fiction类定级文章的评测。如果fiction显示可以升级,则之后只读该级别的non-fiction主题。如没有,继续随机读。

 

3.再读15本左右,做non-fiction类定级文章的评测,如果显示可以升级,再做一套non-fiction,仍然可以升级,则进入下一级别;否则继续读该级别15本。以此循环。


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5年前
定级文章aa到z2级都整理好了。公众号发送:定级。
5年前
好详细啊,先收藏
5年前
hannali1119 请教一个疑问,小朋友三岁,爱听,不爱跟读,甚至排斥跟读,这种要怎么定级呢?怎...
不爱跟读就少读一些呗。年龄还小呢 兴趣更重要
5年前
hannali1119 请教一个疑问,小朋友三岁,爱听,不爱跟读,甚至排斥跟读,这种要怎么定级呢?怎...
参考文中跳级标准。
5年前
朵朵爱读书 定级文章aa到z2级都整理好了。公众号发送:定级。
什么公众号?
5年前
试试看,谢谢分享,收藏
5年前
叶子cathy 什么公众号?
看我的简介😄
5年前
谢谢分享,太有用啦😅😅
5年前
谢谢分享👍👍👍
5年前
hannali1119 请教一个疑问,小朋友三岁,爱听,不爱跟读,甚至排斥跟读,这种要怎么定级呢?怎...
小孩那么小,就听呀,听力现行。然后补充认知。
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